"sorwe" meaning in Middle English

See sorwe in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈsɔrwə/, /ˈsɔrɔu̯(ə)/, /ˈsɔruː/, /ˈzɛrwə/, /ˈzɛriu̯(ə)/, /ˈzœr-/ (note: Southwest Midland)
Etymology: From the oblique cases of Old English sorg, from Proto-West Germanic *sorgu, from Proto-Germanic *surgō. Forms with /ɛ/, /œ/ are influenced by Old English *sergian, *seorgian, variants of sorgian (“to commiserate”), while forms with /a/ and the "physical pain" sense are probably due to influence from sory (“sad”). Etymology templates: {{root|enm|ine-pro|*swergʰ-}}, {{inh|enm|ang|sorg}} Old English sorg, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*sorgu}} Proto-West Germanic *sorgu, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*surgō}} Proto-Germanic *surgō, {{m+|ang|*sergian}} Old English *sergian Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} sorwe, {{enm-noun|pl2=sorwen|pl2_qual=less common}} sorwe (plural sorwes or (less common) sorwen) Forms: sorwes [plural], sorwen [plural, uncommon], sorewe [alternative], sorȝe [alternative], sorou [alternative], sorow [alternative], sorowe [alternative], soru [alternative], sorue [alternative], sorw [alternative], sorege [alternative, Early-Middle-English], soreȝe [alternative, Early-Middle-English], sorwȝe [alternative, Early-Middle-English], sorhe [alternative], serrȝhe [alternative, Ormulum], sarow [alternative, Late-Middle-English], sarowe [alternative, Late-Middle-English], sorew [alternative, Late-Middle-English], soro [alternative, Late-Middle-English], sorogh [alternative, Late-Middle-English], sorough [alternative, Late-Middle-English], sorrow [alternative, Late-Middle-English], sorrowe [alternative, Late-Middle-English], sowrro [alternative, Late-Middle-English], sowrrou [alternative, Late-Middle-English], sorouȝ [alternative, Essex], zorȝe [alternative, Kent], sorugh [alternative, Southeastern], soruwe [alternative, Southeastern], serewe [alternative], serow [alternative], serwe [alternative], seorewe [alternative], seorwe [alternative], seoruwe [alternative]
  1. Sorrow, sadness, or anxiety:
    Regret, contrition, or repentance.
    Sense id: en-sorwe-enm-noun-k90SA71f Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Sadness Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 17 17 17 5 10 7 7 13 7 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 22 22 22 3 5 4 4 16 3 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 22 22 22 2 9 3 3 15 2 Disambiguation of Sadness: 21 21 21 1 1 12 12 12 0
  2. Sorrow, sadness, or anxiety:
    An instance or outbreak of sorrow.
    Sense id: en-sorwe-enm-noun-Lb72UeRS Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Sadness Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 17 17 17 5 10 7 7 13 7 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 22 22 22 3 5 4 4 16 3 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 22 22 22 2 9 3 3 15 2 Disambiguation of Sadness: 21 21 21 1 1 12 12 12 0
  3. Sorrow, sadness, or anxiety:
    A cause of sorrow; a hardship.
    Sense id: en-sorwe-enm-noun-qc0KaNqU Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Sadness Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 17 17 17 5 10 7 7 13 7 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 22 22 22 3 5 4 4 16 3 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 22 22 22 2 9 3 3 15 2 Disambiguation of Sadness: 21 21 21 1 1 12 12 12 0
  4. Iniquity, wrongdoing, evil:
    Disquiet or resentment; a lack of satisfaction.
    Sense id: en-sorwe-enm-noun-hXx9qqGL
  5. Iniquity, wrongdoing, evil:
    Damage; the infliction of harm.
    Sense id: en-sorwe-enm-noun-QGAJ2KDT Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 17 17 17 5 10 7 7 13 7
  6. Hardship, misfortune, suffering:
    A calamitous event; a trouble.
    Sense id: en-sorwe-enm-noun-hm62Lxne Categories (other): Sadness Disambiguation of Sadness: 21 21 21 1 1 12 12 12 0
  7. Hardship, misfortune, suffering:
    Physical pain (especially as torture or disease).
    Sense id: en-sorwe-enm-noun-k34T1cjU Categories (other): Disease, Sadness Disambiguation of Disease: 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 Disambiguation of Sadness: 21 21 21 1 1 12 12 12 0
  8. Hardship, misfortune, suffering:
    The ache of love; lovesickness.
    Sense id: en-sorwe-enm-noun-uc~HCUpk Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Love, Pain, Sadness Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 17 17 17 5 10 7 7 13 7 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 22 22 22 3 5 4 4 16 3 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 22 22 22 2 9 3 3 15 2 Disambiguation of Love: 11 11 11 3 3 3 3 54 2 Disambiguation of Pain: 14 14 17 1 2 12 16 25 0 Disambiguation of Sadness: 21 21 21 1 1 12 12 12 0
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: sorweful, sorwefully, sorwefulnesse, sorweles, sorwen, sorwenesse
Etymology number: 1

Verb

Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|altform=1}} sorwe
  1. alternative form of sorwen Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: sorwen
    Sense id: en-sorwe-enm-verb-dHg6Zgme
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "sorrow"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "sorra"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "sorow"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "sorra"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "sorrow"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swergʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sorg"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sorg",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*sorgu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sorgu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*surgō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *surgō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "*sergian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English *sergian",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the oblique cases of Old English sorg, from Proto-West Germanic *sorgu, from Proto-Germanic *surgō.\nForms with /ɛ/, /œ/ are influenced by Old English *sergian, *seorgian, variants of sorgian (“to commiserate”), while forms with /a/ and the \"physical pain\" sense are probably due to influence from sory (“sad”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sorwes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwen",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "uncommon"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorewe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorou",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorow",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorowe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soru",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorue",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorw",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorege",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soreȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "serrȝhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sarow",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sarowe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorew",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soro",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorogh",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorough",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorrow",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorrowe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sowrro",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sowrrou",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorouȝ",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Essex"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zorȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorugh",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Southeastern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soruwe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Southeastern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "serewe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "serow",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "serwe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seorewe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seorwe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seoruwe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sorwe",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "pl2": "sorwen",
        "pl2_qual": "less common"
      },
      "expansion": "sorwe (plural sorwes or (less common) sorwen)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sorweful"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sorwefully"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sorwefulnesse"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sorweles"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sorwen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sorwenesse"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 17 5 10 7 7 13 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 22 22 3 5 4 4 16 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 22 22 2 9 3 3 15 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 21 1 1 12 12 12 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Sadness",
          "orig": "enm:Sadness",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Sorrow, sadness, or anxiety:",
        "Regret, contrition, or repentance."
      ],
      "id": "en-sorwe-enm-noun-k90SA71f",
      "links": [
        [
          "Sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "sadness",
          "sadness"
        ],
        [
          "anxiety",
          "anxiety"
        ],
        [
          "Regret",
          "regret"
        ],
        [
          "contrition",
          "contrition"
        ],
        [
          "repentance",
          "repentance"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 17 5 10 7 7 13 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 22 22 3 5 4 4 16 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 22 22 2 9 3 3 15 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 21 1 1 12 12 12 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Sadness",
          "orig": "enm:Sadness",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "Chaucer, Troilus and Criseyde Book III, ll.950",
          "text": "[…] ech of yow see others sorwes smerte."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Sorrow, sadness, or anxiety:",
        "An instance or outbreak of sorrow."
      ],
      "id": "en-sorwe-enm-noun-Lb72UeRS",
      "links": [
        [
          "Sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "sadness",
          "sadness"
        ],
        [
          "anxiety",
          "anxiety"
        ],
        [
          "instance",
          "instance"
        ],
        [
          "outbreak",
          "outbreak"
        ],
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 17 5 10 7 7 13 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 22 22 3 5 4 4 16 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 22 22 2 9 3 3 15 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 21 1 1 12 12 12 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Sadness",
          "orig": "enm:Sadness",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Sorrow, sadness, or anxiety:",
        "A cause of sorrow; a hardship."
      ],
      "id": "en-sorwe-enm-noun-qc0KaNqU",
      "links": [
        [
          "Sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "sadness",
          "sadness"
        ],
        [
          "anxiety",
          "anxiety"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "hardship",
          "hardship"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Iniquity, wrongdoing, evil:",
        "Disquiet or resentment; a lack of satisfaction."
      ],
      "id": "en-sorwe-enm-noun-hXx9qqGL",
      "links": [
        [
          "Iniquity",
          "iniquity"
        ],
        [
          "wrongdoing",
          "wrongdoing"
        ],
        [
          "evil",
          "evil"
        ],
        [
          "Disquiet",
          "disquiet"
        ],
        [
          "resentment",
          "resentment"
        ],
        [
          "lack",
          "lack"
        ],
        [
          "satisfaction",
          "satisfaction"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 17 5 10 7 7 13 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Iniquity, wrongdoing, evil:",
        "Damage; the infliction of harm."
      ],
      "id": "en-sorwe-enm-noun-QGAJ2KDT",
      "links": [
        [
          "Iniquity",
          "iniquity"
        ],
        [
          "wrongdoing",
          "wrongdoing"
        ],
        [
          "evil",
          "evil"
        ],
        [
          "Damage",
          "damage"
        ],
        [
          "infliction",
          "infliction"
        ],
        [
          "harm",
          "harm"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 21 1 1 12 12 12 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Sadness",
          "orig": "enm:Sadness",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hardship, misfortune, suffering:",
        "A calamitous event; a trouble."
      ],
      "id": "en-sorwe-enm-noun-hm62Lxne",
      "links": [
        [
          "Hardship",
          "hardship"
        ],
        [
          "misfortune",
          "misfortune"
        ],
        [
          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "calamitous",
          "calamitous"
        ],
        [
          "event",
          "event"
        ],
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Disease",
          "orig": "enm:Disease",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 21 1 1 12 12 12 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Sadness",
          "orig": "enm:Sadness",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hardship, misfortune, suffering:",
        "Physical pain (especially as torture or disease)."
      ],
      "id": "en-sorwe-enm-noun-k34T1cjU",
      "links": [
        [
          "Hardship",
          "hardship"
        ],
        [
          "misfortune",
          "misfortune"
        ],
        [
          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "Physical",
          "physical"
        ],
        [
          "pain",
          "pain"
        ],
        [
          "torture",
          "torture#English"
        ],
        [
          "disease",
          "disease#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 17 5 10 7 7 13 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 22 22 3 5 4 4 16 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 22 22 2 9 3 3 15 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 11 3 3 3 3 54 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Love",
          "orig": "enm:Love",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 17 1 2 12 16 25 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Pain",
          "orig": "enm:Pain",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 21 1 1 12 12 12 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Sadness",
          "orig": "enm:Sadness",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hardship, misfortune, suffering:",
        "The ache of love; lovesickness."
      ],
      "id": "en-sorwe-enm-noun-uc~HCUpk",
      "links": [
        [
          "Hardship",
          "hardship"
        ],
        [
          "misfortune",
          "misfortune"
        ],
        [
          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "ache",
          "ache"
        ],
        [
          "love",
          "love"
        ],
        [
          "lovesickness",
          "lovesickness"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɔrwə/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɔrɔu̯(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɔruː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈzɛrwə/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈzɛriu̯(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈzœr-/",
      "note": "Southwest Midland"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sorwe"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "sorwe",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "sorwen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of sorwen"
      ],
      "id": "en-sorwe-enm-verb-dHg6Zgme",
      "links": [
        [
          "sorwen",
          "sorwen#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sorwe"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swergʰ-",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English weak nouns",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Disease",
    "enm:Love",
    "enm:Pain",
    "enm:Sadness"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "sorrow"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "sorra"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "sorow"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "sorra"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "sorrow"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swergʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sorg"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sorg",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*sorgu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sorgu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*surgō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *surgō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "*sergian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English *sergian",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the oblique cases of Old English sorg, from Proto-West Germanic *sorgu, from Proto-Germanic *surgō.\nForms with /ɛ/, /œ/ are influenced by Old English *sergian, *seorgian, variants of sorgian (“to commiserate”), while forms with /a/ and the \"physical pain\" sense are probably due to influence from sory (“sad”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sorwes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwen",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "uncommon"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorewe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorou",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorow",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorowe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soru",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorue",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorw",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorege",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soreȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorwȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "serrȝhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sarow",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sarowe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorew",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soro",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorogh",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorough",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorrow",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorrowe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sowrro",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sowrrou",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorouȝ",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Essex"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zorȝe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorugh",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Southeastern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soruwe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Southeastern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "serewe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "serow",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "serwe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seorewe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seorwe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seoruwe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sorwe",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "pl2": "sorwen",
        "pl2_qual": "less common"
      },
      "expansion": "sorwe (plural sorwes or (less common) sorwen)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "sorweful"
    },
    {
      "word": "sorwefully"
    },
    {
      "word": "sorwefulnesse"
    },
    {
      "word": "sorweles"
    },
    {
      "word": "sorwen"
    },
    {
      "word": "sorwenesse"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Sorrow, sadness, or anxiety:",
        "Regret, contrition, or repentance."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "sadness",
          "sadness"
        ],
        [
          "anxiety",
          "anxiety"
        ],
        [
          "Regret",
          "regret"
        ],
        [
          "contrition",
          "contrition"
        ],
        [
          "repentance",
          "repentance"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "Chaucer, Troilus and Criseyde Book III, ll.950",
          "text": "[…] ech of yow see others sorwes smerte."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Sorrow, sadness, or anxiety:",
        "An instance or outbreak of sorrow."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "sadness",
          "sadness"
        ],
        [
          "anxiety",
          "anxiety"
        ],
        [
          "instance",
          "instance"
        ],
        [
          "outbreak",
          "outbreak"
        ],
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Sorrow, sadness, or anxiety:",
        "A cause of sorrow; a hardship."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "sadness",
          "sadness"
        ],
        [
          "anxiety",
          "anxiety"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "hardship",
          "hardship"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Iniquity, wrongdoing, evil:",
        "Disquiet or resentment; a lack of satisfaction."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Iniquity",
          "iniquity"
        ],
        [
          "wrongdoing",
          "wrongdoing"
        ],
        [
          "evil",
          "evil"
        ],
        [
          "Disquiet",
          "disquiet"
        ],
        [
          "resentment",
          "resentment"
        ],
        [
          "lack",
          "lack"
        ],
        [
          "satisfaction",
          "satisfaction"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Iniquity, wrongdoing, evil:",
        "Damage; the infliction of harm."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Iniquity",
          "iniquity"
        ],
        [
          "wrongdoing",
          "wrongdoing"
        ],
        [
          "evil",
          "evil"
        ],
        [
          "Damage",
          "damage"
        ],
        [
          "infliction",
          "infliction"
        ],
        [
          "harm",
          "harm"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Hardship, misfortune, suffering:",
        "A calamitous event; a trouble."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Hardship",
          "hardship"
        ],
        [
          "misfortune",
          "misfortune"
        ],
        [
          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "calamitous",
          "calamitous"
        ],
        [
          "event",
          "event"
        ],
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Hardship, misfortune, suffering:",
        "Physical pain (especially as torture or disease)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Hardship",
          "hardship"
        ],
        [
          "misfortune",
          "misfortune"
        ],
        [
          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "Physical",
          "physical"
        ],
        [
          "pain",
          "pain"
        ],
        [
          "torture",
          "torture#English"
        ],
        [
          "disease",
          "disease#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Hardship, misfortune, suffering:",
        "The ache of love; lovesickness."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Hardship",
          "hardship"
        ],
        [
          "misfortune",
          "misfortune"
        ],
        [
          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "ache",
          "ache"
        ],
        [
          "love",
          "love"
        ],
        [
          "lovesickness",
          "lovesickness"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɔrwə/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɔrɔu̯(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɔruː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈzɛrwə/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈzɛriu̯(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈzœr-/",
      "note": "Southwest Midland"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sorwe"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English weak nouns",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Disease",
    "enm:Love",
    "enm:Pain",
    "enm:Sadness"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "sorwe",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "sorwen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of sorwen"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sorwen",
          "sorwen#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sorwe"
}

Download raw JSONL data for sorwe meaning in Middle English (7.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.